Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), diet, and dogs.

I have a post on this topic as well but for anyone who has not read the June 27th update from the FDA on the dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) issue potentially related to dog food, click the link above. Also click the following link to read the Vet-LIRN update from FDA.

There is currently ongoing research relating to the possibility of a link between dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs and the foods that they eat. The research is looking at the possibility of legume-heavy foods (peas, lentils, chickpeas etc.) as a potential cause but the exact cause has not been established at this time and other possibilities are there as well. If you are concerned that your dog may be affected, have taurine levels checked, with a send-out blood test, BEFORE changing food and talk with your veterinarian about an echo-cardiogram (ultrasound of the heart) to determine if your dog is affected. At the present time, I am feeding my dog foods that do not contain peas or other legumes. I have never been a "fan" of feeding only dry food to any animal so I mix in wet foods, broth, etc. on a daily basis as I believe that it makes a diet better.

I read the entire report from FDA and read all the case reports that were submitted to FDA. I am honestly not completely sure what to make of the whole situation. There are reports of somewhere around 560 dogs (probably higher now but we don't know how much higher since there has not been an update recently) that have DCM apparently linked to diet. However, as FDA says, there are over 77 million pet dogs in the U.S. so that is not a high percentage with DCM overall. There is the possibility, though, that there are many more affected that are not diagnosed because of the expense of diagnostic tests and/or owner lack-of-knowledge about the condition.

I am still of the opinion that this is a nutrient deficiency or a toxicity related to something in the food. I am not of the opinion that dogs NEED grains, because that simply doesn't make any sense from a biology perspective (also, taurine is not present in grains), but I also do not think grains are any worse than other carbohydrate sources if your dog is not allergic and there is no need to avoid grains in most cases. I do think that we, as pet owners, should probably avoid foods that have legumes/a lot of legumes until we know more about the cause (which FDA still hasn't found). Based on the information that FDA provided, I do not believe potatoes are an issue at all and that this was simply noted initially because foods with legumes were also likely to have potatoes. 

I still find it very odd and interesting/telling that cats are not really affected by this (there have been a VERY few cases but not significant numbers at all). I believe that this fact suggests that it is a nutrient deficiency related to an amino acid that is either not in sufficient quantities in the food or not being absorbed for some reason. The reason I think it may be an amino acid deficiency is that cat foods are nearly all supplemented with more amino acids than dog food is because cats have a very high requirement since they are obligate carnivores.

If you read the necropsy reports from FDA, the researchers found fat accumulation around the heart of many of the affected dogs. This makes me wonder/speculate if it might be related to carnitine, an amino acid. Carnitine is required for fatty acid metabolism and there are scientific articles that state that without carnitine in sufficient quantity fat will build up in the body in various places. Cat foods are more likely to be supplemented with carnitine (and other amino acids) than dog food. In addition, the amino acid lysine is the precursor to carnitine (it must be present in the diet in sufficient quantity for the body to make carnitine). Lysine is easily broken down in the production of dry food. A reaction known as the Maillard reaction occurs, which causes the irreversible binding of lysine with sugars/starches in kibble and, therefore, renders the lysine unavailable to the pet.

If you have any concerns about your pet(s), PLEASE see a veterinarian.

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